Detailed evaluation of physicochemical properties and microbial activities of Hanna Lake and Spin Karez

Abstract Access to clean drinking water is a major issue in many regions of the world, particularly areas where groundwater scarce. This study aims at determining quality two lakes. Some parameters this investigation were found be above WHO limit, while most within limit. For instance, average value electrical conductivity Hanna Lake was 537.4 μS/cm, it 758.9 μS/cm Spin Karez, which limits (>500 μS/cm). Turbidity 4.17 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), (<5 NTU), 9.5 NTU limits, and dissolved oxygen concentration values 9.06 mg/l 8.86 permitted provided by (6.5–8 mg/l). The also that both lakes had high concentrations microbial colonies, with 65 CFU/100 ml 56 Karez. Based on these findings, an efficient treatment technique should adopted remove highly concentrated for purified future demands.